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1.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 69(4): 327-334, July-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042000

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Postoperative pain represents an important concern when remifentanil is used for total intravenous anesthesia because of its ultrashort half-life. Longer acting opioids, such as sufentanil, have been used during induction of remifentanil-based total intravenous anesthesia as a means to overcome this shortcoming. However, the effectiveness and safety of such strategy still lacks evidence from randomized clinical trials. Hence, we aimed to assess the postoperative analgesic efficacy and safety of a single dose of sufentanil administered during the induction of remifentanil-based total intravenous anesthesia. Methods Forty patients, scheduled for elective open abdominal surgery, were randomized to receive remifentanil-based total intravenous anesthesia with or without a single dose of sufentanil upon induction. We assessed the postoperative morphine consumption administered through a patient-controlled analgesia pump. Self-reported pain scores and the occurrence of nausea, vomiting, pruritus, agitation, somnolence and respiratory depression were also assessed up to 2 days after surgery. Results The mean difference between the sufentanil and control groups regarding morphine consumption in the post-anesthetic care unit and at 12, 24 and 48 h after surgery were -7.2 mg (95%CI: -12.5 to -2.1, p < 0.001), -3.9 mg (95%CI: -11.9 to 4.7, p = 0.26), -0.6 mg (95%CI: (-12.7 to 12.7, p = 0.80), and -1.8 mg (95%CI: (-11.6 to 15.6, p = 0.94), respectively. Neither self-reported pain nor the incidence of adverse events were significantly different between groups at any time point. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the administration of sufentanil during induction of remifentanil-based total intravenous anesthesia is associated with decreased early postoperative opioid consumption.


Resumo Justificativa A dor pós-operatória é uma grande preocupação quando o remifentanil é usado para anestesia intravenosa total devido à sua meia-vida ultracurta. Os opioides de ação mais longa, como o sufentanil, têm sido usados durante a indução de anestesia intravenosa total à base de remifentanil como um meio de superar essa deficiência. Porém, a eficácia e segurança de tal estratégia ainda precisam de evidências advindas de ensaios clínicos randômicos. Portanto, objetivamos avaliar a eficácia analgésica e a segurança pós-operatória de uma dose única de sufentanil administrada durante a indução de anestesia intravenosa total à base de remifentanil. Métodos Quarenta pacientes eletivamente agendados para cirurgia abdominal aberta foram randomizados para receber anestesia intravenosa total à base de remifentanil, com ou sem uma dose única de sufentanil, após a indução da anestesia. Avaliamos o consumo de morfina no pós-operatório, administrado através de uma bomba de analgesia controlada pelo paciente. Os escores de dor autorrelatados e a ocorrência de náusea, vômito, prurido, agitação, sonolência e depressão respiratória também foram avaliados até dois dias após a cirurgia. Resultados A diferença média entre os grupos sufentanil e controle em relação ao consumo de morfina em sala de recuperação pós-anestesia e após 12, 24 e 48 horas da cirurgia foi de -7,2 mg (IC 95%: -12,5 a -2,1, p < 0,001), -3,9 mg (IC 95%: -11,9 a 4,7, p = 0,26), -0,6 mg (IC 95%: (-12,7 a 12,7, p = 0,80) e -1,8 mg (IC 95%: -11,6 para 15,6, p = 0,94), respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa tanto nos escores de dor autorrelatados, quanto na incidência de eventos adversos entre os grupos. Conclusão Nossos achados sugerem que a administração de sufentanil durante a indução de anestesia intravenosa total à base de remifentanil está associada à redução do consumo de opioides no pós-operatório imediato.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Sufentanil/administration & dosage , Remifentanil/administration & dosage , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Anesthesia, Intravenous/methods , Time Factors , Double-Blind Method , Analgesia, Patient-Controlled/statistics & numerical data , Sufentanil/adverse effects , Remifentanil/adverse effects , Middle Aged , Morphine/administration & dosage
2.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 66(6): 622-627, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829716

ABSTRACT

Abstract A double blind randomized clinical trial of sufentanil as an adjunct in spinal anesthesia for cesarean section and, thereby, be able to reduce the dose of bupivacaine, a local anesthetic, with the same result of an anesthetic block with higher doses but with fewer perioperative side effects, such as hypotension.


Resumo Ensaio clínico randomizado duplamente encoberto sobre o uso do sufentanil como adjuvante em raquianestesia para cesariana e, possibilitando a redução da dose do anestésico local, a bupivacaína, com o mesmo resultado de bloqueio anestésico com doses mais elevadas, mas com menos efeitos colaterais no perioperatório, como hipotensão.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/adverse effects , Cesarean Section/methods , Sufentanil/administration & dosage , Sufentanil/adverse effects , Anesthetics, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Intravenous/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods , Anesthesia, Spinal/methods , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Local/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Double-Blind Method , Hypotension/prevention & control , Intraoperative Complications/prevention & control
3.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 832-837, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-77278

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study examined the sparing effect of sufentanil on the median effective concentration (EC50) of epidural ropivacaine in elderly patients undergoing elective transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective randomized double-blind dose-response study. Fifty eight elderly patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II who were scheduled for TURP surgery under epidural anesthesia were randomly allocated to a group receiving 15 mL of ropivacaine (group R) or a group receiving ropivacaine plus 5 microg of sufentanil (group RS). The concentration of ropivacaine was determined by a Dixon's up-and-down sequential allocation. The first participant received 0.3% of ropivacaine in both groups and subsequent concentrations were determined by the response of the previous patient in the same group. The EC50 of epidural ropivacaine was analyzed using the Dixon and Massey method. RESULTS: The EC50 of ropivacaine during TURP surgery was 0.186% (95% confidence interval, 0.173-0.200%) in group R, and 0.136% (95% confidence interval, 0.127-0.144%) in group RS (p<0.01). No differences in Bromage scale of motor block examination and the onset time of sensory block were observed. CONCLUSION: Administration of 5 microg of epidural sufentanil caused a 37% reduction in the EC50 of epidural ropivacaine in elderly patients who underwent TURP surgery. Thus, sufentanil addition during surgery of TURP can decrease the dose of ropivacaine anesthesia required.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Amides/administration & dosage , Anesthesia, Epidural/methods , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Double-Blind Method , Pain Measurement , Prospective Studies , Sufentanil/administration & dosage , Transurethral Resection of Prostate , Treatment Outcome
4.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 535-542, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-141605

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study was to evaluate the characteristics of selective spinal anesthesia using 1 mg of bupivacaine combined with fentanyl or sufentanil in elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six patients were randomized into two groups. The Fentanyl group received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.2 mL+fentanyl 20 microg+5% dextrose 1.4 mL, and the Sufentanil group received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.2 mL+sufentanil 5 microg+5% dextrose 1.7 mL intrathecally. Intraoperative and postoperative characteristics were evaluated. Patient satisfaction was assessed postoperatively. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients in each group completed the study. The median peak sensory block level was similar between two groups, but sensory regression time was longer in the Sufentanil group than the Fentanyl group (p=0.017). All patients were able to move themselves to the bed without any aid when they arrived at the admission room. Pain scores were lower in the Sufentanil group than the Fentanyl group at postoperative 6, 12, and 18 hours (p=0.001). Compared to the Fentanyl group, the Sufentanil group required less postoperative analgesia (p=0.023) and the time to the first analgesic request was longer (p=0.025). Twenty-four of 26 patients (92.3%) in each group showed "good" satisfaction level. CONCLUSION: Selective spinal anesthesia using 1 mg of bupivacaine with fentanyl or sufentanil provided appropriate sensory block level with spared motor function for transurethral resection of the prostate in elderly patients. Intrathecal sufentanil was superior to fentanyl in postoperative analgesic quality.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Anesthesia, Spinal/methods , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Drug Therapy, Combination , Fentanyl/administration & dosage , Injections, Spinal , Patient Satisfaction , Postoperative Period , Prospective Studies , Prostate/surgery , Sufentanil/administration & dosage , Time Factors , Transurethral Resection of Prostate , Treatment Outcome
5.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 535-542, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-141604

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study was to evaluate the characteristics of selective spinal anesthesia using 1 mg of bupivacaine combined with fentanyl or sufentanil in elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six patients were randomized into two groups. The Fentanyl group received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.2 mL+fentanyl 20 microg+5% dextrose 1.4 mL, and the Sufentanil group received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.2 mL+sufentanil 5 microg+5% dextrose 1.7 mL intrathecally. Intraoperative and postoperative characteristics were evaluated. Patient satisfaction was assessed postoperatively. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients in each group completed the study. The median peak sensory block level was similar between two groups, but sensory regression time was longer in the Sufentanil group than the Fentanyl group (p=0.017). All patients were able to move themselves to the bed without any aid when they arrived at the admission room. Pain scores were lower in the Sufentanil group than the Fentanyl group at postoperative 6, 12, and 18 hours (p=0.001). Compared to the Fentanyl group, the Sufentanil group required less postoperative analgesia (p=0.023) and the time to the first analgesic request was longer (p=0.025). Twenty-four of 26 patients (92.3%) in each group showed "good" satisfaction level. CONCLUSION: Selective spinal anesthesia using 1 mg of bupivacaine with fentanyl or sufentanil provided appropriate sensory block level with spared motor function for transurethral resection of the prostate in elderly patients. Intrathecal sufentanil was superior to fentanyl in postoperative analgesic quality.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Anesthesia, Spinal/methods , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Drug Therapy, Combination , Fentanyl/administration & dosage , Injections, Spinal , Patient Satisfaction , Postoperative Period , Prospective Studies , Prostate/surgery , Sufentanil/administration & dosage , Time Factors , Transurethral Resection of Prostate , Treatment Outcome
6.
Acta cir. bras ; 29(11): 752-758, 11/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-728642

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and side-effects of fentanyl and sufentanil combined with hyperbaric spinal bupivacaine in elective cesarean section. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study with 64 term parturients, distributed into 2 groups according to the opioid combined with hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (10mg): GF - fentanyl (25µg) and GS - sufentanil (5.0µg). The latency and maximum sensory block level; degree and duration of motor block; duration and quality of analgesia; maternal-fetal repercussions were evaluated. This was an intention-to-treat analysis with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: The latency period, maximum sensory block level, motor block degree and perioperative analgesia were similar in both groups. Motor block and analgesia had a longer duration in the sufentanil group. Maternal adverse effects and neonatal repercussions were similar. The incidence of hypotension was higher in the fentanyl group. In both groups, there was a predominance of patients who were awake and either calm or sleepy. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of fentanyl and sufentanil to hyperbaric subarachnoid bupivacaine was shown to be effective for the performance of cesarean section, and safe for the mother and fetus. Analgesia was more prolonged with sufentanil. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Cesarean Section/methods , Fentanyl/administration & dosage , Sufentanil/administration & dosage , Analysis of Variance , Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Spinal/methods , Anesthetics, Local/adverse effects , Bupivacaine/adverse effects , Double-Blind Method , Drug Combinations , Fentanyl/adverse effects , Operative Time , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Sufentanil/adverse effects , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
7.
Acta cir. bras ; 29(10): 675-680, 10/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-725290

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the pain on injection of propofol via different combinations of fentanyl, sufentanil or remifentanil in gastrointestinal endoscopy. METHODS: Total 439 patients were randomly allocated into 6 groups. Propofol & fentanil (PF) group received 1 μg/kg fentanyl, propofol & sufentanil (PS) group received 0.1 μg/kg sufentanil and propofol & remifentanyl (PR) group received 1 μg/kg remifentanyl prior to administration of 1-2 mg/kg of propofol. The propofol & half-fentanil (Pf) group, propofol & half-sufentanil (Ps) group and propofol & half-remifentanyl (Pr) group were given 0.5 μg/kg fentanyl, 0.05 μg/kg sufentanil and 0.5 μg/kg remifentanyl, respectively and later administrated 1-2 mg/kg propofol. All patients were monitored for the blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and oxygen saturation (SpO2). Additionally, the pain intensity was assessed using a 4-point verbal rating scale (VRS) by professional doctors. RESULTS: The incidence of pain due to propofol injection in Ps group (33.8%) was significantly lower than other 5 groups. The heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were maintained within the normal limits in all six groups and there was no hypotension or bradycardia encountered during the study period. CONCLUSION: Propofol and sufentanil group was the most suitable program for painless gastroscopy. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/methods , Hypnotics and Sedatives/adverse effects , Pain/prevention & control , Propofol/adverse effects , Drug Combinations , Fentanyl/administration & dosage , Heart Rate/drug effects , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Injections, Intravenous/adverse effects , Pain Measurement , Pain/chemically induced , Piperidines/administration & dosage , Propofol/administration & dosage , Reproducibility of Results , Severity of Illness Index , Sufentanil/administration & dosage , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
8.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 64(2): 73-78, Mar-Apr/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-711136

ABSTRACT

Contexto: pacientes de cirurgia cardíaca submetidos a revascularização do miocárdio com circulação extracorpórea. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito hemodinâmico da adição de sufentanil intratecal para anestesia geral. Desenho: estudo prospectivo, randômico e aberto, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Cenário: estudo monocêntrico feito no Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, Brasil. Pacientes: foram submetidos à revascularização eletiva 40 pacientes de ambos os sexos que assinaram o termo de consentimento informado. Critérios de exclusão: doença renal crônica, procedimentos de emergência, reoperações, contraindicação para raquianestesia, fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo inferior a 40%, índice de massa corporal acima de 32 kg/m2 e uso de nitroglicerina. Intervenções: os pacientes foram randomizados para receber (ou não) 1μg/kg de sufentanil intratecal. Anestesia foi induzida e mantida com infusão contínua de sevoflurano e remifentanil. Principais medidas de desfecho: variáveis hemodinâmicas, níveis sanguíneos de troponina I cardíaca, peptídeo natriurético do tipo B, interleucina-6 e fator de necrose tumoral alfa durante e após a cirurgia. Resultados: os pacientes do grupo sufentanil precisaram de menos suporte inotrópico com dopamina, comparados aos do grupo controle (9,5% vs 58%, p = 0,001), e menos aumentos de doses de remifentanil (62% vs 100%, p = 0,004). Os dados hemodinâmicos em oito intervalos de tempo diferentes e os dados bioquímicos não apresentaram diferenças entre os grupos. Conclusões: os pacientes que receberam sufentanil intratecal apresentaram uma estabilidade hemodinâmica ...


Context: Cardiac surgery patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass. Objective: Evaluate the effect of adding intrathecal sufentanil to general anesthesia on hemodynamics. Design: Prospective, randomized, not blinded study, after approval by local ethics in Research Committee. Setting: Monocentric study performed at Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Patients: 40 consenting patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass, both genders. Exclusion criteria: Chronic kidney disease; emergency procedures; reoperations; contraindication to spinal block; left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40%; body mass index above 32 kg/m2 and use of nitroglycerin. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to receive intrathecal sufentanil 1 μg/kg or not. Anesthesia induced and maintained with sevoflurane and continuous infusion of remifentanil. Main outcome measures: Hemodynamic variables, blood levels of cardiac troponin I, B-type natriuretic peptide, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alfa during and after surgery. Results: Patients in sufentanil group required less inotropic support with dopamine when compared to control group (9.5% vs 58%, p = 0.001) and less increases in remifentanil doses (62% vs 100%, p = 0.004). Hemodynamic data at eight different time points and biochemical data showed no differences between groups. Conclusions: Patients receiving intrathecal sufentanil have more hemodynamical stability, as suggested by the reduced inotropic support and fewer adjustments in intravenous opioid doses. .


Contexto: pacientes de cirugía cardíaca sometidos a revascularización miocárdica con circulación extracorpórea. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto hemodinámico de la adición de sufentanilo intratecal para anestesia general. Proyecto: estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado y abierto, con posterior aprobación del Comité de Ética en Investigación. Escenario: estudio monocéntrico realizado en el Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiología, São Paulo, Brasil. Pacientes: cuarenta pacientes de ambos sexos que firmaron el consentimiento informado fueron sometidos a revascularización electiva. Criterios de exclusión: enfermedad renal crónica, procedimientos de urgencia, reintervenciones, contraindicación para la raquianestesia, fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo inferior al 40%, índice de masa corporal por encima de 32 kg/m2 y uso de nitroglicerina. Intervenciones: los pacientes fueron aleatorizados para recibir (o no), 1 µg/kg de sufentanilo intratecal. La anestesia se indujo y se mantuvo con infusión continua de sevoflurano y remifentanilo. Principales medidas de resultados: variables hemodinámicas, niveles sanguíneos de troponina i cardíaca, péptido natriurético del tipo B, interleucina 6 y factor de necrosis tumoral alfa durante y después de la cirugía. Resultados: los pacientes del grupo sufentanilo necesitaron menos soporte inotrópico con dopamina, comparado con el grupo control (9,5 vs. 58%, p = 0,001) y menos aumentos de dosis de remifentanilo (62 vs. 100%, p = 0,004). Los datos hemodinámicos en 8 intervalos de tiempo diferentes y los datos bioquímicos no presentaron diferencias entre los grupos. Conclusiones: los pacientes que recibieron sufentanilo intratecal tuvieron una estabilidad hemodinámica mayor, evidenciada por el soporte ...


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Coronary Artery Bypass , Sufentanil/administration & dosage , Coronary Artery Bypass/adverse effects , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Injections, Spinal , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Prospective Studies
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 141(4): 477-485, abr. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-680471

ABSTRACT

Background: The ideal sedative agent for endoscopic procedures should allow a rapid modification ofthe sedation level and should not have any adverse effects. Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy, safety, cost and patient satisfaction of some propofol-based sedation regimens administered during colonoscopy. Material and Methods: One hundred twenty one patients scheduled for elective outpatient colonoscopy with conscious sedation were randomized to four groups to evaluate the administration of dexmedetomidine, sufentanil, meperidine and midazolam in combination with propofol to maintain sedation during the procedure. Evaluated outcomes were efficacy, safety, cost and patient satisfaction of sedation procedures. Results: Patients receiving dexmedetomidine achieved a higher degree of sedation when compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). The lapse to recoverprotective reflexes and motor function, was significantly shorter in groups receiving dexmedetomidine or sufentanil than in groups receiving meperidine or midazolam (p < 0.05). Therewere no differences between groups in pre-sedation and post-sedation neurophysiologic performance, measured by the Trail MakingA and B tests. Conclusions: Sedation for endoscopy can be safely and effectively accomplished with low doses of propofol combined with dexmedetomidine, intranasal sufentanil, IV meperidine and IV meperidine with midazolam.


Antecedentes: El protocolo de sedación ideal para procedimientos endoscópi-cos es aquel que permita efectuar modificaciones rápidas del nivel de sedación y no tenga efectos secundarios. Objetivo: Comparar la eficacia, seguridad, costos y satisfacción del paciente con protocolos de sedación basados en propofol, durante colonoscopias. Material y Métodos: Ciento veinte pacientes programados para una colonoscopia fueron aleatorizados en cuatro grupos en que se evaluó la administración de dexmedetomidina, sufentanil, meperidina y midazolam en combinación con propofol, para mantener la sedación durante el procedimiento. Se evaluó la eficacia, seguridad, costo y satisfacción del paciente con los diferentes protocolos de sedación. Resultados: Los pacientes que recibieron dexmedetomidina, alcanzaron un mayor nivel de sedación que el resto de los grupos. El lapso necesario para recuperar reflejos y funciones motoras protectoras, fue significativamente menor en los grupos que recibieron dexmedetomidina o sufentanil comparado con los grupos que recibieron meperidina o midazolam (p < 0,05). No hubo diferencias entre los grupos en la capacidad neuro-cognitiva, medida con los Tests de Reitan A y B, antes o después de la sedación. Conclusiones: Se puede obtener una buena sedación para endoscopia combinando dosis bajas de propofol con dexmedetomidina, sufentanil intranasal, meperidina endovenosa con o sin midazolam.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Colonoscopy/methods , Conscious Sedation/methods , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Midazolam/administration & dosage , Propofol/administration & dosage , Clinical Protocols , Dexmedetomidine/administration & dosage , Meperidine/administration & dosage , Patient Satisfaction , Single-Blind Method , Sufentanil/administration & dosage
10.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 62(5): 680-684, set.-out. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-649549

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVO: Tremores são causa de desconforto e insatisfação das pacientes submetidas à cesariana. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o impacto do uso de sufentanil intratecal na incidência de tremores após cesarianas. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Em um ensaio clínico prospectivo aleatório encoberto, foram incluídas no estudo gestantes submetidas à cesariana sob raquianestesia. Foram excluídas as gestantes em trabalho de parto, febris, obesas, com doença hipertensiva da gravidez, com falha do bloqueio anestésico ou complicação cirúrgica. As pacientes foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos. No Grupo I foram administrados 10 mg de bupivacaína 0,5% hiperbárica associados a 80 mcg de morfina e 2,5 mcg de sufentanil. No Grupo II foram administrados 10 mg de bupivacaína 0,5% hiperbárica associados a 80 mcg de morfina. Na Sala de Recuperação Pós-Anestésica as pacientes foram avaliadas quanto à presença de sinais de tremores por observador que desconhecia o grupo ao qual a paciente havia sido alocada. RESULTADOS: A amostra constou de 80 pacientes. Em ambos os grupos houve diminuição na temperatura axilar das pacientes após a cesariana (p < 0,001). Essa diminuição não se mostrou diferente entre os grupos (p < 0,21). No Grupo I a incidência de tremores foi de 13/40 (32,5%) pacientes e no Grupo II foi de 25/40 (62,5%) (p < 0,007) - Risco Relativo 0,53 (IC 95% 0,32-0,87). CONCLUSÕES: Sugere-se que a adição de sufentanil à bupivacaína hiperbárica e morfina durante raquianestesia para cesariana proporciona diminuição na incidência de tremores no período pós-operatório imediato.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Shivering is a cause of discomfort and dissatisfaction in patients undergoing cesarean section. The objective of this study paper was to assess the impact of intrathecal administration of sufentanil on the incidence of shivering after cesarean section. METHOD: In a prospective blinded, randomized clinical trial, pregnant women undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were enrolled. Pregnant women in labor, febrile, obese, with pregnancy-induced hypertension, anesthetic block failure or surgical complications were excluded. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups. In Group I, 10 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine combined with 80 mcg of morphine and 2.5 mcg of sufentanil were administered. In Group II, 10 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine combined with 80 mcg of morphine were administered. In the post-anesthesia care unit, patients were evaluated for signs of shivering by an investigator blinded to the patient's group allocation. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 80 patients. In both groups there was a decrease in axillary temperature of patients after cesarean section (p < 0.001). This decrease was not different between groups (p < 0.21). In Group I, the incidence of tremor was 32.5% (13/40) and in Group II it was 62.5% (25/40) (p < 0.007); RR 0.53 (CI 95% 0.32-0.87). CONCLUSIONS: It has been suggested that the addition of sufentanil to hyperbaric bupivacaine and morphine during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section provides a decrease in the incidence of shivering in the immediate postoperative period.


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Los temblores son provenientes de la incomodidad y de la insatisfacción de las pacientes sometidas a la cesárea. El objetivo de este estudio, fue analizar el impacto del uso de sufentanilo intratecal en la incidencia de temblores posteriores a las cesáreas. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: En un ensayo clínico prospectivo randomizado encubierto, se incluyeron en el estudio embarazadas sometidas a la cesárea bajo raquianestesia. Se excluyeron las embarazadas en trabajo de parto, febriles, obesas, con enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo, con fallo en el bloqueo anestésico o complicación quirúrgica. Las pacientes se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en dos grupos. En el Grupo I, fueron administrados 10 mg de bupivacaína al 0,5% hiperbárica asociados a 80 mcg de morfina y 2,5 mcg de sufentanilo. En el Grupo II, fueron administrados 10 mg de bupivacaína al 0,5% hiperbárica asociados a 80 mcg de morfina. En la Sala de Recuperación Postanestésica, las pacientes se evaluaron en cuanto a la presencia de signos de temblores por un observador que no conocía el grupo en el cual la paciente había sido ubicada. RESULTADOS: La muestra constó de 80 pacientes. En los dos grupos se produjo una reducción en la temperatura axilar de las pacientes después de la cesárea (p < 0,001). Esa disminución no fue diferente entre los grupos (p < 0,21). En el Grupo I la incidencia de temblores fue de 13/40 (32,5%) pacientes y en el Grupo II de 25/40 (62,5%) (p < 0,007) - Riesgo Relativo 0,53 (IC 95% 0,32-0,87). CONCLUSIONES: Sugerimos que la adición de sufentanilo a la bupivacaína hiperbárica y morfina durante la raquianestesia para la cesárea, proporciona la disminución en la incidencia de temblores en el período postoperatorio inmediato.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Shivering , Tremor/etiology , Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Cesarean Section/instrumentation , Sufentanil/administration & dosage , Sufentanil/adverse effects , Adjuvants, Anesthesia/administration & dosage , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Spinal/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Spinal/instrumentation , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Injections, Spinal , Single-Blind Method , Incidence , Prospective Studies
11.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 96(3): 311-16310, mar. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-581464

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A sedação para a realização de cateterismo cardíaco tem sido alvo de preocupação. Benzodiazepínicos, agonistas alfa-2 adrenérgicos e opioides são utilizados para esse fim, entretanto, cada um destes medicamentos possui vantagens e desvantagens. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia do sufentanil e da clonidina como sedativos em pacientes submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco, observando o impacto dos mesmos sobre os parâmetros hemodinâmicos e respiratórios, a presença de efeitos colaterais, além da satisfação do paciente e do hemodinamicista com o exame. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico prospectivo, duplo-cego, randomizado e controlado, que envolveu 60 pacientes que receberam 0,1 µg/kg de sufentanil ou 0,5 µg/kg de clonidina antes da realização do cateterismo cardíaco. O escore de sedação segundo a escala de Ramsay, a necessidade de utilização de midazolam, os efeitos colaterais, os parâmetros hemodinâmicos e respiratórios foram registrados, sendo os dados analisados em 06 diferentes momentos. RESULTADOS: O comportamento da pressão arterial, da frequência cardíaca e da frequência respiratória foi semelhante nos dois grupos, entretanto, no momento 2, os pacientes do grupo sufentanil (Grupo S) apresentaram menor escore de sedação segundo a escala de Ramsay, e a saturação periférica da oxihemoglobina foi menor que o grupo clonidina (Grupo C) no momento 6. Os pacientes do Grupo S apresentaram maior incidência de náusea e vômito pós-operatório que os pacientes do Grupo C. A satisfação dos pacientes foi maior no grupo clonidina. Os hemodinamicistas mostraram-se satisfeitos nos dois grupos. CONCLUSÃO: O sufentanil e a clonidina foram efetivos como sedativos em pacientes submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco.


BACKGROUND: Sedation for heart catheterization has been a cause for concern. Benzodiazepines, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists and opioids are used for this purpose. However, each drug has advantages and disadvantages. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of sufentanil and clonidine as sedative in patients undergoing heart catheterization, observing their impact on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, the presence of side effects and satisfaction of the patient and interventional cardiologist with the examination. METHODS: This is a prospective, double-blind, randomized and controlled clinical trial involving 60 patients who received 0.1 µg/kg of sufentanil or 0.5 µg/kg of clonidine before heart catheterization. The score of sedation according to the Ramsay scale, the need for use of midazolam, side effects and hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were recorded, with the data being analyzed at 06 different moments. RESULTS: The behavior of blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate was similar in both groups, but, at moment 2, the patients in the sufentanil group (Group S) had a lower sedation score on the Ramsay scale, and the peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation was lower than in the clonidine group (Group C) at time 6. Patients in Group S had higher incidence of nausea and vomiting after surgery than patients in Group C. Patient satisfaction was higher in the clonidine group. The interventional cardiologists were satisfied in both groups. CONCLUSION: Sufentanil and clonidine were effective as sedative in patients undergoing heart catheterization.


FUNDAMENTO: La sedación para la realización de cateterismo cardíaco ha sido blanco de preocupación. Benzodiazepínicos, agonistas alfa-2 adrenérgicos y opioides son utilizados para ese fin, entre tanto, cada uno de estos medicamentos posee ventajas y desventajas. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia del sufentanil y de la clonidina como sedativos en pacientes sometidos a cateterismo cardíaco, observando el impacto de los mismos sobre los parámetros hemodinámicos y respiratorios, la presencia de efectos colaterales, además de la satisfacción del paciente y del hemodinamista con el examen. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un ensayo clínico prospectivo, doble ciego, randomizado y controlado, que incluyó 60 pacientes que recibieron 0,1 µg/kg de sufentanil o 0,5 µg/kg de clonidina antes de la realización del cateterismo cardíaco. El escore de sedación según la escala de Ramsay, la necesidad de utilización de midazolam, los efectos colaterales, los parámetros hemodinámicos y respiratorios fueron registrados, siendo los datos analizados en 6 diferentes momentos. RESULTADOS: El comportamiento de la presión arterial, de la frecuencia cardíaca y de la frecuencia respiratoria fue semejante en los dos grupos, entre tanto, en el momento 2, los pacientes del grupo sufentanil (Grupo S) presentaron menor escore de sedación según la escala de Ramsay, y la saturación periférica de la oxihemoglobina fue menor que el grupo clonidina (Grupo C) en el momento 6. Los pacientes del Grupo S presentaron mayor incidencia de náusea y vomito post operatorio que los pacientes del Grupo C. La satisfacción de los pacientes fue mayor en el grupo clonidina. Los hemodinamistas se mostraron satisfechos en los dos grupos. CONCLUSIÓN: El sufentanil y la clonidina fueron efectivos como sedativos en pacientes sometidos a cateterismo cardíaco.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , /administration & dosage , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Anesthesia/methods , Clonidine/administration & dosage , Cardiac Catheterization/methods , Sufentanil/administration & dosage , /adverse effects , Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects , Clonidine/adverse effects , Double-Blind Method , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Prospective Studies , Pain/prevention & control , Respiratory Rate/drug effects , Sufentanil/adverse effects , Time Factors
12.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 60(2): 121-129, mar.-abr. 2010. graf, tab
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-552039

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Diversos fatores influenciam na dispersão cefálica da solução anestésica no espaço subaracnóideo, entre os quais destacam-se as alterações fisiológicas inerentes à gravidez, baricidade, dose e volume do anestésico local. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar em cesarianas a efetividade e os efeitos colaterais de diferentes volumes da associação de bupivacaína hiperbárica e sufentanil por via subaracnóidea. MÉTODO: Quarenta pacientes, ASA I e II, submetidas à cesariana eletiva sob raquianestesia distribuídas em dois grupos, de acordo com o volume da solução anestésica empregada: Grupo I (4 mL) e Grupo II (3 mL). Nos dois grupos o anestésico local empregado foi a bupivacaína hiperbárica (10 mg-2 mL) associada ao sufentanil (5 µg-1 mL). No Grupo I, para obtenção do volume de 4 mL, foi adicionado 1 mL de solução fisiológica a 0,9 por cento. Foram avaliados: latência do bloqueio; nível máximo do bloqueio sensitivo; grau do bloqueio motor; tempo para regressão do bloqueio motor; duração total da analgesia; efeitos adversos maternos e repercussões neonatais. RESULTADOS: A latência, o nível máximo do bloqueio sensitivo, o grau e o tempo para regressão do bloqueio motor foram semelhantes nos dois grupos; a duração da analgesia foi maior no Grupo I, com diferença significativa em relação ao Grupo II. Os efeitos adversos ocorreram com frequência semelhante em ambos os grupos. Ausência de alterações cardiocirculatórias maternas e repercussões neonatais. CONCLUSÕES: A bupivacaína hiperbárica na dose de 10 mg associada ao sufentanil na dose de 5 µg, com volume de 4 mL, foi mais eficaz que a mesma associação em menor volume (3 mL), proporcionando melhor analgesia intra e pós-operatória, sem repercussões materno-fetais.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Several factors affect the cephalad dispersion of the anesthetic solution in the subarachnoid space; among them, physiological changes of pregnancy and the dose and volume of the local anesthetics should be mentioned. The objective of this study was to assess the effectivity and side effects of different volumes of the subarachnoid administration of the association of hyperbaric bupivacaine and sufentanil in cesarean sections. METHODS: Forty patients, ASA I and II, undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal block were divided in two groups, according to the volume of the anesthetic solution: Group I (4 mL) and Group II (3 mL). The association of hyperbaric bupivacaine (10 mg-2 mL) and sufentanil (5 µg-1 mL) was used in both groups. In Group I, 1 mL of NS was added to the solution to achieve the volume of 4 mL. The following parameters were evaluated: latency of the blockade; upper limit of the sensorial blockade; degree of motor blockade; time for regression of the motor blockade; total duration of analgesia; maternal side effects; and neonatal repercussions. RESULTS: Latency, the upper limit of the sensorial blockade, and the degree and time for regression of the motor blockade were similar in both groups; duration of analgesia was greater in Group I than in Group II, which was statistically significant. The incidence of side effects was similar in both groups. Maternal cardiocirculatory changes and neonatal repercussions were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Four milliliter of anesthetic solution composed of hyperbaric bupivacaine, 10 mg, associated with 5 µg of sufentanil was more effective than 3 ml of the same solution, providing better intra-and postoperative analgesia without maternal-fetal repercussions.


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Diversos factores influyen en la dispersión cefálica de la solución anestésica en el espacio subaracnoideo, entre los cuales se destacan las alteraciones fisiológicas inherentes al embarazo, baricidad, dosis y volumen del anestésico local. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la efectividad y los efectos colaterales de diferentes volúmenes de la asociación de bupivacaína hiperbárica y sufentanil por vía subaracnoidea en cesáreas. MÉTODO: Cuarenta pacientes, ASA I y II, sometidos a cesárea electiva bajo raquianestesia distribuidos en dos grupos, de acuerdo con el volumen de la solución anestésica usada: Grupo I (4 mL) y Grupo II (3 mL). En los dos grupos, el anestésico local empleado fue la bupivacaína hiperbárica (10 mg-2 mL) asociada al sufentanil (5 µg-1 mL). En el Grupo I, para la obtención del volumen de 4 mL, se añadió 1 mL de solución fisiológica a 0,9 por ciento. Se evaluaron: latencia del bloqueo; nivel máximo del bloqueo sensitivo; grado del bloqueo motor; tiempo para regresión del bloqueo motor; duración total de la analgesia; efectos adversos maternos y repercusiones neonatales. RESULTADOS: La latencia, el nivel máximo del bloqueo sensitivo, el grado y el tiempo para la regresión del bloqueo motor fueron similares en los dos grupos; la duración de la analgesia fue mayor en el Grupo I, con una diferencia significativa con relación al Grupo II. Los efectos adversos se dieron a menudo de forma similar en los dos grupos. Se registró la ausencia de las alteraciones cardiocirculatorias maternas y de las repercusiones neonatales. CONCLUSIONES: La bupivacaína hiperbárica en dosis de 10 mg asociada al sufentanil en dosis de 5 µg, con un volumen de 4 mL, fue más eficaz que la misma asociación en un menor volumen (3 mL), proporcionando una mejor analgesia intra y postoperatoria, sin repercusiones materno-fetales.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Anesthesia, Obstetrical , Anesthesia, Spinal , Adjuvants, Anesthesia/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Combined/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Cesarean Section , Sufentanil/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method
13.
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2010; 26 (1): 137-141
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-93447

ABSTRACT

Selection of the best analgesic technique in patients undergoing major surgeries can result in lower morbidity and satisfactory postoperative pain relief. In the present study, we tried to compare the effect of morphine and sufentanil on postoperative pain severity and hemodynamic changes by using patient-controlled analgesia [PCA] device in patients who were candidate for coronary artery bypass surgery [CABG]. It was a randomized double-blinded clinical trial in which 120 patients aged 30-65 years, ASA physical status I-Ill, candidate for CABG in Shahid Rajaee hospital in Tehran were included. Before anesthesia, patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups to receive sufentanil [n=40], morphine [n=40] or normal saline [n=40]. After tracheal extubation at intensive care unit, PCA was started by, sufentanil 4mg for the first group, morphine 2mg for the second group and normal saline, at same volume for the third group, intravenously with 10 minute lockout interval. Postoperative pain was evaluated by VAS scale, 1, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours after extubation and systolic blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, PCO2 and PO2 were recorded 24 hours after extubation. VAS scores at rest revealed significantly less pain for patients in sufentanil and morphine groups than normal saline group, throughout the twenty-four hours after operation [P<0.001]. However, there were no significant differences in the means of VAS scores between sufentanil and morphine groups. Among studied hemodynamic parameters, only systolic blood pressure was reduced more in morphine than sufentanil group [P<0.001]. After CABG surgery, administration of intravenous sufentanil and morphine using PCA can lead to similar reduction of postoperative pain severity


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Male , Pain, Postoperative , Sufentanil/administration & dosage , Morphine/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Coronary Artery Bypass , Pain Measurement , Treatment Outcome
14.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 59(3): 261-272, maio-jun. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-515001

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A bupivacaína racêmica a 0,5% associada a opioides por via peridural constitui técnica anestésica utilizada em cesariana, entretanto sua toxicidade é questionada. A bupivacaína com excessoenantiomérico de 50% apresenta menor cárdio e neurotoxicidade. Avaliou-se aeficácia da bupivacaína racêmica e da bupivacaína com excesso enantioméricode 50% a 0,5%, associadas ao sufentanil, por via peridural, em gestantes submetidas à cesariana.MÉTODO: Cinquenta gestantes a termo, submetidas à cesariana eletiva, sob bloqueio peridural, distribuídas em dois grupos, de acordo com o anestésico localempregado: Grupo I - bupivacaína racêmica a 0,5% com vasoconstritor; Grupo II - bupivacaína com excesso enantiomérico de 50% (S75-R25) a 0,5% com vasoconstritor. Nos dois grupos o anestésico local (100 mg) foi associado ao sufentanil (20 μg) e o volume total empregado da solução foi de 24 mL. Avaliaram-se: latência do bloqueio sensitivo; nível máximo do bloqueio sensitivo; grau do bloqueio motor; tempo para regressão do bloqueio motor; duração da analgesia; efeitos colaterais maternos e repercussões neonatais. RESULTADOS: A latência, o nível máximo do bloqueio sensitivo, o grau do bloqueio motor e a duração da analgesia foram semelhantes nos dois grupos; o tempopara regressão do bloqueio motor foi significativamente menor no Grupo II. Osefeitos colaterais ocorreram com frequência semelhante em ambos os grupos. Ausência de alterações cardiocirculatórias maternas e repercussões neonatais. CONCLUSÕES: A bupivacaína racêmica e a bupivacaína com excesso enantiomérico de 50%, por via peridural, proporcionam anestesia adequada para realização de cesariana. A bupivacaína com excesso enantiomérico de 50% constitui alternativa promissora para esse tipo de procedimento, por apresentar menor tempo para regressão do bloqueio motor, desejável na paciente obstétrica.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Epidural 0.5% racemic bupivacaineassociated with opioids is a technique used in cesarean sections; however, itstoxicity has been questioned. 50% Enantiomeric excess bupivacaine has lower cardio- and neurotoxicity. The efficacy of epidural 0.5% racemic bupivacaine and 0.5% enantiomeric excess bupivacaine associated with sufentanil in parturients undergoing cesarean sections was evaluated. METHODS: Fifty gravida at term, undergoing elective cesarean section under epidural block, were divided in two groups according to the local anesthetic used: Group I – 0.5% racemic bupivacaine with vasoconstrictor; and Group II – 0.5% enantiomeric excess bupivacaine (S75-R25) with vasoconstrictor. In both groups, the local anesthetic (100 mg) was associated with sufentanil (20 μg),and a total of 24 mL of the solution was used. The following parameters wereevaluated: latency of the sensitive blockade; maximal level of the sensitiveblockade; degree for motor blockade; time of motor blockade regression; duration of analgesia; maternal side effects; and neonatal repercussions. RESULTS: Latency, maximal level of sensitive blockade, degree of motor blockade, and duration of analgesia were similar in both groups; the mean time for regression of the motor blockade was significantly smaller in Group II. The incidence of side effects was similar in both groups. Maternal cardiocirculatory changes and neonatal repercussions were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural racemic bupivacaine and 50% enantiomeric excess bupivacaine provided adequate anesthesia for cesarean sections. 50%Enantiomeric excess bupivacaine is a promising alternative for this procedure,since it has faster regression of the motor blockade, which is desirable inobstetric patients.


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La bupivacaína racémica a 0,5% asociada a opioides por vía epidural constituye una técnica anestésica utilizada en cesárea, sin embargo su toxicidad se pone en tela de juicio. La bupivacaína con exceso enantiomérico de 50%,presenta un menor cardio y neurotoxicidad. Se evaluó la eficaciade la bupivacaína racémica y de la bupivacaína con exceso enantioméricode 50% a 0,5%, asociadas al sufentanil, por vía epidural en embarazadas sometidas a la cesárea. MÉTODO: Cincuenta embarazadas a término, sometidas a la cesárea electiva bajo bloqueo epidural, distribuidas en dos grupos, de acuerdo con el anestésico local usado: Grupo I - bupivacaína racémica a 0,5% con vasoconstrictor; Grupo II - bupivacaína con exceso enantiomérico de 50% (S75-R25) a 0,5% con vasoconstrictor. En los dos grupos el anestésico local (100 mg) estuvo asociado al sufentanil (20 μg) y el volumen total usado de la soluciónfue de 24 mL. Se evaluaron: la latencia del bloqueo sensitivo; nivel máximo del bloqueo sensitivo; grado del bloqueo motor; tiempo para la regresión del bloqueo motor; duración de la analgesia;efectos colaterales maternos y repercusiones neonatales. RESULTADOS: La latencia, el nivel máximo del bloqueo sensitivo, el grado del bloqueo motor y la duración de la analgesia fueron similares en los dos grupos; el tiempo para la regresión delbloqueo motor fue significativamente menor en el Grupo II. Los efectos colaterales ocurrieron con frecuencia similar en los dos grupos. Hubo ausencia de alteraciones cardiocirculatorias maternas y repercusiones neonatales.CONCLUSIONES: La bupivacaína racémica y la bupivacaína con exceso enantiomérico de 50%, por vía epidural, proporcionan una anestesia adecuada para la realización de la cesárea. La bupivacaína con exceso enantiomérico de 50%, es una alternativa...


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Anesthesia, Epidural , Anesthesia, Obstetrical , Adjuvants, Anesthesia/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Combined/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Cesarean Section , Sufentanil/administration & dosage
15.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 59(2): 154-165, mar.-abr. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-511593

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Uma das mais importantes propriedades físicas que afetam o nível da analgesia obtida após a injeção subaracnoidea de um anestésico local é sua densidade relativa à densidade do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) a 37ºC. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a densidade das soluções de anestésicos locais com e sem glicose e a combinação de anestésico local com adjuvantes a 20ºC, 25ºC e 37ºC em avaliação laboratorial. MÉTODO: A densidade (g.mL-1) foi medida como auxílio de um densímetro DMA 450, sensível a ± 0,00001 g.mL-1. A densidade e suas variações com a temperatura foram obtidas de todos os anestésicos locais e suas combinações com opioides a 20ºC, 25ºC e 37ºC. A solução é hiperbárica se sua densidade excede a 1,00099, a solução é hipobárica quando a densidade está abaixo de 1,00019 e é isobárica quando a densidade é maior que 1,00019 e menor que 1,00099. RESULTADOS: Ambos, anestésicos locais e adjuvantes, exibem diminuição da densidade quando se aumenta a temperatura. A 37ºC, todas as soluções que contêm glicose são hiperbáricas. Na ausência de glicose, todas as soluções são hipobáricas. A 37ºC, morfina, fentanil, sufentanil e clonidina são hipobáricas. CONCLUSÕES: A densidade dos anestésicos locais e adjuvantes diminui com o aumento da temperatura e aumenta com a adição de glicose. O conhecimento da baricidade, densidade relativa, ajuda na seleção do anestésico local mais adequado e dos adjuvantes para uso subaracnoideo.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The relative density of a local anesthetic in relation to that of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at 37º C is one of the most important physical properties that affect the level of analgesia obtained after the subarachnoid administration of the drug. The objective of this study was to determine the density of local anesthetic solutions, with and without glucose, and the combination of the local anesthetic with adjuvants at 20º C, 25º C, and 37º C. METHODS: The density (g.mL-1) was determined by using a DMA 450 densimeter with a sensitivity of ± 0.00001 g.mL-1. The densities, and variations, according to the temperature were obtained for all local anesthetics and their combination with opioids at 20ºC, 25ºC, and 37ºC. The solution is hyperbaric if its density exceeds 1.00099, hypobaric when its density is lower than 1.00019, and isobaric when its density is greater than 1.00019 and lower than 1.00099. RESULTS: The densities of both local anesthetics and adjuvants decrease with the increase in temperature. At 37º C, all glucose-containing solutions are hyperbaric. In the absence of glucose, all solutions are hypobaric. At 37ºC, morphine, fentanyl, sufentanil, and clonidine are hypobaric. CONCLUSIONS: The densities of local anesthetics and adjuvants decrease with the increase in temperature and increase when glucose is added. The knowledge of the relative density helps select the most adequate local anesthetic to be administered in the subarachnoid space.


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Una de las más importantes propiedades físicas que afectan el nivel de la analgesia obtenida después de la inyección subaracnoidea de un anestésico local, es su densidad relativa a la densidad del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) a 37ºC. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la densidad de las soluciones de anestésicos locales con y sin glucosa y la combinación de anestésico local con adyuvantes a 20ºC, 25ºC y 37ºC en evaluación laboratorial. MÉTODO: La densidad (g.mL-1) se midió con la ayuda de un densímetro DMA 450 sensible a ± 0.00001 g.mL-1. La densidad y sus variaciones con la temperatura se obtuvieron de todos los anestésicos locales y de sus combinaciones con opioides a 20ºC, 25ºC y 37ºC. La solución es hiperbárica si su densidad excede a 1.00099, la solución es hipobárica cuando la densidad está por debajo de 1,00019 y es isobárica cuando la densidad es mayor que 0,00019 y menor que 1,00099. RESULTADOS: Ambos anestésicos locales y los adyuvantes, arrojan una reducción de la densidad cuando se aumenta la temperatura. A 37ºC, todas las soluciones que contienen glucosa son hiperbáricas. Con la falta de glucosa, todas las soluciones son hipobáricas. A 37ºC, morfina, fentanil, sufentanil y clonidina son hipobáricas. CONCLUSIONES: La densidad de los anestésicos locales y adyuvantes se reduce con el aumento de la temperatura y aumenta con la adición de glucosa. El conocimiento de la baricidad, densidad relativa, ayuda a la selección del anestésico local más adecuado y de los adyuvantes para uso subaracnoideo.


Subject(s)
Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Clonidine/administration & dosage , Fentanyl/administration & dosage , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Morphine/administration & dosage , Sufentanil/administration & dosage , Drug Combinations
18.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 58(3): 193-201, maio-jun. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-483003

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A infusão contínua (IC) de remifentanil na técnica de anestesia venosa total é prática comum. Já o sufentanil em IC para cirurgias de curta/média duração tem sido pouco utilizado. O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar duas técnicas de anestesia venosa total, utilizando remifentanil ou sufentanil em IC, quanto ao comportamento anestésico no intra-operatório e às características da recuperação anestésica em pacientes submetidos à videolaparoscopia. MÉTODO: Participaram desse estudo 60 pacientes divididos em 2 grupos iguais (GR e GS). O GR foi induzido com remifentanil IC e o GS com sufentanil em bolus associado à IC. A IC de remifentanil era desligada ao fim da cirurgia, enquanto a IC de sufentanil, 20 minutos antes. Os pacientes receberam no intra-operatório cetoprofeno e dipirona. Como analgésico de resgate na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica (SRPA) foi utilizado tramadol. Foram analisados as variações da pressão arterial média (PAM) e freqüência cardíaca (FC), o tempo de despertar, o consumo de propofol, as intercorrências na SRPA e o tempo de permanência na SRPA. RESULTADOS: A média da PAM foi maior no GS em relação ao GR (91,9 × 77,6, p < 0,0001). A incidência de dor foi significativamente maior no GR em relação ao GS (22 × 1 paciente, p < 0,0001). A incidência de NVPO foi maior no GR em relação ao GS (10 × 2 pacientes, p = 0,0098). A média do tempo de permanência na SRPA foi maior no GR em relação ao GS (76 × 49 min, p < 0,0001). CONCLUSÕES: O controle hemodinâmico foi satisfatório nos grupos. A IC de sufentanil promoveu melhor controle da dor no pós-operatório com menor consumo de analgésico de resgate; conseqüentemente, houve menor incidência de NVPO e menor tempo de permanência na SRPA.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Continuous infusion (CI) of remifentanil is common in total intravenous anesthesia. On the other hand, CI of sufentanil for short/medium-term surgeries has not been widely used. The objective of this study was to compare two techniques of total intravenous anesthesia, using CI of remifentanil or sufentanil, regarding their intraoperative behavior and characteristics of recovery of patients undergoing videolaparoscopic surgeries. METHODS: Sixty patients, equally divided in 2 groups (RG and SG), participated in this study. Continuous infusion of remifentanil was used for anesthetic induction in RG, while a bolus of sufentanil associated with CI of this drug was used in SG. The CI of remifentanil was discontinued at the end of the surgery, while the CI of sufentanil was discontinued 20 minutes before the end of the surgery. Patients received ketoprofen and dypirone intraoperatively. Tramadol was used for rescue analgesia in the recovery room. Variations of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and hard reate (HR), time for awakening, propofol consumption, intercurrences in the recovery room, and time of stay in the recovery room were analyzed. RESULTS: Mean MAP was greater in SG than in RG (91.9 × 77.6, p < 0.0001). The incidence of pain was significantly greater in RG than on SG (22 × 1 patient, p < 0.0001). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) was greater in RG than in SG (10 × 2 patients, p < 0.0098). The mean time of stay in the recovery room was greater in RG than in SG (76 × 49 min, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Hemodynamic control was satisfactory in both groups. Continuous infusion of sufentanil promoted better postoperative pain control with decreased consumption of rescue analgesic and, consequently, reduced incidence of PONV and reduced time of stay in the recovery room.


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La infusión continua (IC) de remifentanil en la técnica de anestesia venosa total es una práctica común. Ya el sufentanil en IC para cirugías de corta/media duración ha sido poco utilizado. El objetivo de este estudio fue el de comparar dos técnicas de anestesia venosa total, utilizando remifentanil o sufentanil en IC, en cuanto al comportamiento anestésico en el intraoperatorio y en cuanto a las características de la recuperación anestésica en pacientes sometidos a la videolaparoscopía. MÉTODO: Participaron en el estudio 60 pacientes divididos en 2 grupos iguales (GR y GS). El GR fue inducido con remifentanil IC y el GS con sufentanil en bolus asociado a IC. La IC de remifentanil se desconectaba al final de la cirugía, mientras que la IC de sufentanil 20 minutos antes. Los pacientes recibieron en el intraoperatorio cetoprofeno y dipirona. Como analgésico de rescate en la sala de recuperación pos anestésica (SRPA) se usó el tramadol. Fueron analizadas las variaciones de la PAM y FC, tiempo de despertar, consumo de propofol, intercurrencias en la SRPA y tiempo de permanencia en la SRPA. RESULTADOS: El promedio de la PAM fue mayor en el GS con relación al GR (91,9 × 77,6, p < 0,0001). La incidencia de dolor fue significativamente mayor en el GR con relación al GS (22 × 1 paciente, p < 0,0001). La incidencia de NVPO fue mayor en el GR con relación al GS (10 × 2 pacientes, p = 0,0098). El promedio del tiempo de permanencia en la SRPA fue mayor en el GR en con relación al GS (76 × 49 min, p < 0,0001). CONCLUSIONES: El control hemodinámico fue satisfactorio en los grupos. La IC de sufentanil generó un mejor control del dolor en el pos operatorio con menor consumo de analgésico de rescate, por lo tanto, se registró una menos incidencia de NVPO y un menor tiempo de permanencia en la SRPA.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anesthesia, Intravenous/methods , Anesthetics, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Laparoscopy , Piperidines/administration & dosage , Sufentanil/administration & dosage , Video Recording , Infusions, Intravenous , Young Adult
19.
Rev. argent. anestesiol ; 66(1): 27-37, ene.-mar. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-501743

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La adición de opioides a los anestésicos locales en anestesia espinal (AE) modula algunos aspectos de la anestesia y la analgesia. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la adición de dos dosis distintas de sufentanilo (S) intratecal (lT) y una por vía subcutánea (SC) sobre los requerimientos de propofol (P) para sedación durante AE. Material y método: Estudio clínico, prospectivo, aleatorizado de 100 pacientes ASA I, distribuidos en 4 grupos: Grupo 1 (n= 25): bupivacaína hiberbárica 0,75 por ciento (BHB), 12,5 mg; Grupo 2 (n= 25): BHB 12,5 mg + 2,5 mcg S IT; Grupo 3 (n= 25): BHB 12,5 mg + 5 mcg S ITy Grupo 4 (n= 25): BHB 12,5 mg + 7,5 mcg S SC. Realizada la AE, se instaló monitor de índice biespectral (BIS XP), registrándose valores basales en paciente despierto. Luego, se inició sedación con propofol TCI sitio-efecto con dosis de 2,5 mcg/ml, para mantener BIS entre 60-75. Se registraron: BIS, signos vitales, dosis total utilizada (DTP), dosis promedio de infusión (DPI), el costo final del consumo de P y el tiempo de latencia del despertar. Resultados: Las DPI y el DTP fueron menores en los Grupos 2 y 3 versus los Grupos 1 y 4 (p = 0,009). Los costos de P fueron menores 35,23 por ciento (G 2) y 37,50 por ciento (G 3), comparados con G 1 (p = 0,001). Conclusiones: La adición de 2,5 o 5 mcg de S IT a la BHB, pero no la adición de 7,5 mcg S SC, reduce las dosis promedio de infusión, dosis total utilizada y los costos de P en pacientes bajo AE. (AE)


Purpose: The addition of opioids to local anesthetics used in spinal anesthesia (SA) modulates some aspects of the anesthesia and analgesia. Our purpose was to evaluate two intrathecal (lT) sufentanyl (S) doses and one subcutaneous (SC) dose over TCI Propofol requirements for sedation during SA. Methods: Prospective clinical study of 100 patients, ASA I, randomly assigned in 4 groups: Group 1 (n = 25): Hyperbaric Bupivacaine 0.75 percent (HBB), 12.5mg; Group2(n=25): BHB 12.5mg+2.5 mcg IT S; Group 3 (n = 25): BHB 12.5 mg + 5 mcg IT S and Group 4 (n = 25): BHB 12.5 mg + 7.5 mcg SC S. After SA a BIS XP monitor was installed and basal value registered. Then, sedation with Propofol TCI site-effect was started with a dose of 2.5 mcg/ml, to obtain a BIS between 60-75. We registered total infusion dose (TID), mean infusion dose (MID), propofol costs and vital signs variations. Results: no and MID was lower in Groups 2 and 3 versus Groups 1 and 4 (p = 0.009). Propofol costs were lower in 35.23 percent in Group 2 and in 37.50 percent in Group 3 v/s Group 1 (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The addition of 2.5 or 5 mcg of IT Sto HBB, but not 7.5 mcg SC administration, reduces the total infusion doses and the mean infusion doses as well as propofol costs in patients under spinal anesthesia.


Introducao: A adicao de opióides aos anestésicos locais em anestesia espinhal (AE) modula alguns aspectos da anestesia e da analgesia. O nosso objetivo foi avaliar a adicao de duas doses diferentes de sufentanilo (S) intratecal (IT) e outra por via subcutânea (SC) acima dos requerimentos de propofol (P) para sedacao durante AE. Material e método: Estudo clínico, prospectivo e aleatório de 100 pacientes ASA I distribuídos em 4 grupos: Grupo 1 (n = 25): bupivacaína hiperbárica 0,75 por cento (BHB), 12,5 mg; Grupo 2 (n = 25): BHB 12,5 mg + 2,5 mcg S IT; Grupo 3 (n = 25): BHB 12,5 mg + 5 mcg S IT e Grupo 4 (n = 25): BHB 12,5 mg + 7,5 mcg S SC. Realizada a AE, instalou-se monitor de índice biespectral (BIS XP) para o registro de valores basais no paciente acordado. Posteriormente, deu-se início à sedacao com propofol TCI síti-efeito com doses de 2,5 mcg/ml, com a finalidade de manter BIS entre 60-75. Foram registrados: BIS, sinais vitais, dose total utilizada (DTP), doses médias de infusao (DPI), o custo final do consumo de P e o tempo de latência até o acordar. Resultados: As DPI e o DTP nos Grupos 2 e 3 foram menores que nos Grupos 1 e 4 (p = 0,009). Os custos de P resultaram menores 35,23 por cento (G 2) e 37,50 por cento (G 3) comparados com G 1 (p = 0,001). Conclusoes: A adicao de 2,5 ou 5 mcg de S IT a BHB, mas nao a adicao de 7,5 mcg S SC, diminui as doses médias de infusao, a dose total utilizada e os custos de P em pacientes sob AE.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Anesthesia, Spinal/methods , Propofol/administration & dosage , Sufentanil/administration & dosage , Anesthesia, Conduction , Anesthetics, Combined , Arthroscopy , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Pain, Postoperative , Patient Satisfaction , Knee/surgery
20.
Journal of Medical Science-Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. 2008; 4 (3): 137-144
in Persian | IMEMR | ID: emr-123511

ABSTRACT

The administration of either intrathecal or epidural opioid can provide deep neuroaxial anesthesia without significant changes in sensory or motor functions. This technique may reduce both mortality and morbidity, in comparison with systemic opioids. It seems, then, that using opioids [e.g. Fentanyl or Sufentanil] along with anesthetics [Lidocaine] in spinal anesthesia may also provide better pain control both during and after caesarean sections. This study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind and controlled trial on 86 pregnant women, ASA I-II, who were scheduled for elective caesarean section under the subarachnoid block in the year of 2008. The patients were divided into two groups [1 and 2] on the basis of a randomized digital table according to their taking sufentanil or fentanyl. In both groups, the local anesthetic used was hyperbaric lidocaine 5% [80 mg] with a total volume of 2.2 ml. of the solution. Then, the onset of pain and the need for analgesia after the caesarean section were evaluated. Both groups received drugs intrathecally as follows: Group 1: 20micro g Fentanyl, 80 mg lidocaine%5, 0.2 mg Epinephrine. Group 2:2 micro g Sufentanil, 80 mg lidocaine%5, 0.2 mg Epinephrine. In addition, Visual Analogous Scale [VAS: 0-10] was used to assess the intensity of pain and the patient's sedation both in the recovery room and in the ward every one hour for 6 hours. The side effects and the need for drugs were recorded. As the findings of the study suggest, the onset of pain after cesarean section was more significant in the Sufentanil group than the Fentanyl group [P=0.046]. In this study, the Sufentanil group's pain began about twenty minutes later than that of the Fentanyl group. Although the patients in the Sufentanil group appeared to need analgesic about twenty-six minutes later than those in the Fentanyl group, there was not any significant difference between these two groups of the study [P=0.003]. As for Neonate's APGAR and the other side effects, there weren't any significant differences between the two groups, either. Fentanyl and Sufentanil plus intrathecal Lidocaine provided a good pain control for elective caesarean section; however, no significant difference was noted in terms of side effects. As a whole, Fentanyl and Sufentanil plus 5% Lidocaine can intrathecally induce sufficient analgesia after cesarean sections. More specifically, spinal anesthesia with lidocaine 5% and 2 micro g of Sufentanil may bring about sufficient analgesia after the operation and is recommended for induced anesthesia in operations


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Cesarean Section , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , Double-Blind Method , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Fentanyl/administration & dosage , Anesthesia, Spinal , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Sufentanil/administration & dosage , Analgesia , Pain
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